Futurists
have identified several emerging occupations for the coming decades.
Their analysis is based on the present trends and the unforeseen
technological breakthroughs.
Some of the emerging occupations of the
21st century are:
Bio informatics
Operation research analyst
Public Relations
Psychologist
Human service workers
Paralegals
Home health aides
Travel Specialist
Management analyst
Chef
BIO INFORMATICS
Job
Profile
|
Clinical Research |
Research and Development |
Manufacturing
and field work |
Administration
and regulation |
Quality control
assurance |
Sales and marketing |
Training
and Qualification
|
Courses in biology,
immunology and genetic engineering at university |
Extensive knowledge
of molecular biology packages such as, GCG and BLAST etc |
Learn HTML, Perl,
JAVA and C++, |
Familiarity with
operating systems like UNIX |
Relational database
skills such as SQL. |
Database application
such as Sybase or Oracle is highly advantageous |
Expected
Earnings
|
Most have earned
$78,000 |
Top 10 percent
earned $133,000 |
Lowest 10 earned
$65,000 |
Related
Occupations
|
Research analyst |
Administration,
finance and human resource |
Quality control |
Executive management |
Bio- informatics
is the melding of molecular biology with computer science using
genomic information to understand human diseases and identify new
molecular targets for drug discovery.
Occupational Outlook
-
Opportunity in the core sector (applying science and
engineering)
-
Opportunity in non-core organisation including research
centres
-
Human health care firms dominate this sector
-
Agricultural biotechnology gives the next best employment
opportunity
Top
OPERATION
RESEARCH ANALYST
Job
Profile
|
Concerned with
issues such as strategy, forecasting, resource allocation |
Duties vary according
to the structure and philosophy of the employer |
Support management's
quest for performance improvement |
Presents management
with recommendations based on the results of the analysis |
Training
and Qualification
|
Master's degree
in operations research, engineering, business, mathematics,
|
Information systems,
management science |
Bachelor's degree
in computer science or a quantitative discipline |
Thinks logically
and works well with people |
Good oral and
written communication skills |
Keep up with new
developments |
Training and experience
in programming are required |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings of - $49,070 |
Middle 50 percent
earned between $36,890 and $72,090 |
Lowest 10 percent
earned less than $29,780 |
Top 10 percent
earned over $87,720 |
Related
Occupations
|
Logistics consultants,
economist |
Modelling specialists,
statistician |
Operations
research and management science are terms that are used interchangeably
to describe the discipline of applying quantitative techniques to
make decisions and solve problems.
Occupation
Outlook
- Operations research
analysts held about 76,000 jobs in 1998
- Major employers
include telecommunication companies, air carriers, Federal Government
etc.
- Individuals with
M.A or Ph.D. degree in operations research, management science,
or a closely related field should find good job opportunities
through 2008.
Top
PUBLIC
RELATIONS
Job
Profile
|
Handle organisational
functions like media and governmental relations |
Understands the
attitudes and concerns of consumers, employees, other groups |
Improve communications,
establish and maintain cooperative relationships |
Inform change
in organisational policies to respective groups |
Keep management
aware of public attitudes and concerns |
Prepare press
releases and contact people in the media |
Conduct programs
for contact between organisation representatives and public |
Training
and Qualification
|
College degree
in journalism, advertising, or communications |
Ability to write
and speak well |
Some firms seek
graduates who have worked in electronic or print journalism |
Creativity, initiative,
good judgment and ability to express thoughts clearly |
Decision-making,
problem solving and research skills are important |
Understanding
of human psychology and an enthusiasm for motivating people |
Large public relations
staffs, have formal training programs for new employees |
Smaller organisations,
new employees work under experienced staff members. |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings -$57,300 |
Middle 50 % earned
between $38,230 and $84,950 |
Lowest 10 % earned
less than $28,190 |
Highest 10 % earned
more than $116,160 a year |
Related
Occupations
|
Promotion specialists |
Sales representative |
Marketing research
analysts |
Writers and editors |
Public
relations specialists advise their company on strategies and policies
that directly and indirectly affect the company's relation with
public. They serve as advocates to build and maintain positive relationships
with the public in areas like business, governments, universities,
hospitals, schools and other organisations.
Occupation
Outlook
- Advertising, marketing,
and public relations managers held about 485,000 jobs in 1998
- Found in virtually
every industry including manufacturing firms, advertising, computer
and data processing services and management and public relations
Top
PSYCHOLOGIST
Job
Profile
|
Formulate hypotheses
and collect data to test their validity |
Gather data by
administering personality, performance and intelligence tests |
Apply
their knowledge to a wide range of endeavours like law, education
etc |
Help medical and
surgical patients deal with illnesses or injuries |
Some work in physical
rehabilitation settings |
Deal with people
in times of personal crisis |
Interview patients
and give diagnostic tests |
Implement behaviour
modification programs |
Training
and Qualification
|
Doctoral degree
required for employment as a licensed counselling psychologist |
Ph.D. qualify
for a wide range of teaching, research, counselling positions
etc |
Psy.D. degree
usually work in clinical positions |
Educational Specialist
(Ed.S.) degree will qualify for a school psychologist |
Masters in psychology
may work as industrial-organisational psychologists |
B.A in psychology
qualifies a person to assist psychologists and professionals |
Doctoral degree
usually requires 5 to 7 years of graduate study |
Emotionally stable,
mature, and able to deal effectively with people |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings of salaried psychologists were $48,050 |
Middle 50 percent
earned between $36,570 and $70,870 |
Lowest
10 percent earned less than $27,960 |
Highest 10 percent
earned more than $88,280 |
Related
Occupations
|
Marketing research
analysts |
Advertising
and public relations managers |
Sociologists,
special education teachers |
Clinical social
workers, counsellors, physicians |
Psychologists
study the human mind and human behaviour. Research psychologists
investigate the physical, cognitive, emotional, or social aspects
of human behaviour. Psychologists in applied fields provide mental
health care in hospitals, clinics, schools and private settings
Occupation
Outlook
- Psychologists held
about 166,000 jobs in 1998.
- Educational institutions
employed about 4 out of 10 salaried psychologists in positions
other than teaching, eg counselling administration
- Three out of 10
were employed in health
- Government agencies
at the Federal, State, and local levels employed about 17 percent
- Usually those with
doctoral degrees-enter private practice or set up private research
or consulting firms.
- Numerous job opportunities
will also arise in schools, public and private social service
agencies, and management consulting services
HUMAN
SERVICE WORKERS
Job
Profile
|
Provide direct
and indirect client services |
Assess clients'
needs, establish their eligibility for benefits and services |
Examine
financial documents to determine eligibility for human service
programs |
Arrange for transportation
and escorts and provide emotional support |
Keep case records
on clients and report progress to supervisors |
Assist clients
in need of counselling or crisis intervention |
Human service
workers work with professional care providers, such as psychiatrists, |
Training
and Qualification
|
Certificates or
associate degrees in behavioural science, social work |
Human service
programs |
General education
courses in liberal arts, sciences and humanities |
Trains students
to observe patients and record information, conduct their interviews |
Extensive on-the-job
training to work in direct-care services |
Effective communication
skills, sense of responsibility, and manage time effectively |
B.A or M.A in
counselling, human services management or related field |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings of human service workers and assistants - $21,360 |
Middle 50 percent
earned between $16,620 and $27,070 |
Lowest
10 percent earned less than $13,540 |
Top 10 percent
earned more than $33,840 |
Related
Occupations
|
Occupational therapy
assistants |
Child-care
workers |
Residential counsellors |
Social
workers |
Human
service workers and assistants is a generic term for people with
various job titles, including social service assistant, case management
aide, life skill counsellor etc. They usually work under the direction
of professionals from a variety of fields.
Occupation Outlook
- Human service workers
and assistants held about 268,000 jobs in 1998
- Half worked in
private social or human services
- One-third were
employed by State and local governments, primarily in public welfare
Opportunities are expected to be best in job training programs,
residential care facilities, and private social service agencies,
which include such services as adult day care and meal delivery
programs
Top
PARALEGALS
Job
Profile
|
Helping
lawyers prepare for closings, hearings, trials, and corporate
meetings |
Investigate the
facts of cases and ensure all relevant information is considered |
Prepare
written reports on how cases should be handled. |
Organise and track
files of all-important case documents |
Help draft contracts,
mortgages, separation agreements and trust instruments. |
Assist in preparing
tax returns and planning estates |
Coordinate the
activities of other law office employee |
Maintain financial
records for the office |
Training
and Qualification
|
A 2-year associate's
degree programs, 4-year bachelor's degree programs |
Covers courses
on law and legal research techniques |
Employers prefer
graduates of 4-year paralegal programs |
Some employers
prefer to train paralegals on the job |
Experience
in a technical field e.g. background in tax prep. for tax and
estate practice |
Courses introducing
students to the legal applications of computers |
Program includes
internship at a law office |
Understand legal
terminology and have good research and investigative skills |
Familiarity with
the operation and applications of computers in legal research |
Should stay informed
of new developments in the laws |
More on Paralegal
profession http://www.nala.org/the_paralegal_profession.htm |
Expected
Earnings
|
Depend on education,
training, experience, type |
Median annual
earnings of $32,760 |
Top
10 % earned more than $50,290 |
Bottom 10 % earned
less than $21,770 |
Related
Occupations
|
Abstractors, claim
examiners |
Occupational
safety and health workers, |
Patent agents
and title examiners |
Compliance and
enforcement inspectors |
While
lawyers assume ultimate responsibility for legal work, they often
delegate many of their tasks to paralegals. However, they are still
explicitly prohibited from carrying out duties which are considered
to be the practice of law, such as setting legal fees, giving legal
advice, and presenting cases in court.
Occupation
Outlook
- Projected to rank
among the fastest growing occupations in the economy through 2008
- Hiring paralegals
lower the cost and increase efficiency of legal services
- Private law firms
will continue to be the largest employers of paralegals, but a
growing array of other organisations, such as corporate legal
departments, insurance companies, real estate and banks will also
continue to hire paralegals
- Job opportunities
for paralegals will expand in the public sector as well
Top
HOME HEALTH AIDES
Job
Profile
|
Help ill persons live
in their own homes instead of in a health facility |
Health-related services, such
as administering oral medications |
Provide housekeeping
services as well |
Provide instruction and psychological
support |
Participate in case reviews with
health care professionals |
May check pulse, temperature and
respiration |
Help with simple prescribed exercises |
Assist with medication routines |
Training
and Qualification
|
Usually on the job training depending
on state laws |
Pass a competency test covering
12 areas: |
Communication skills; observation,
reporting, and documentation of patient status |
Care or services furnished; reading
and recording vital signs; |
Basic infection control
procedures; basic elements of body function; |
Maintenance of a clean, safe,
and healthy environment; |
Recognition of, and procedures
for, emergencies |
The physical, emotional, and developmental
characteristics of the patients served |
Personal hygiene and grooming;
safe transfer techniques; basic nutrition |
Normal range of motion and positioning.
|
More on Home Health Aides http://www.nahc.org/ |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median hourly earnings of home
health and personal care aides - $7.58 |
Middle 50 % earned between $6.41
and $8.81 an hour |
Lowest 10 % earned
less than $5.73 |
Highest 10 % earned more than
$10.51 an hour |
Related
Occupations
|
Social service workers |
Occupational therapy
aides |
Psychiatric aides |
Nursery school attendants |
Home health
and personal care aides help elderly, disabled, and ill persons
live at home instead of a health facility. Most work with elderly
or disabled clients, while some with families. Others help discharged
hospital patients, who have relatively short-term needs.
Occupation
Outlook
- Home health and
personal care aides held about 746,000 jobs in 1998
- Most aides are
employed by home health and personal care agencies
- Self-employed aides
have no agency affiliation or supervision, and accept clients,
set fees and arrange work schedule on their own
- Due to substantial
growth and very high turnover, a large number of job openings
are expected for home health and personal care aides
- In addition to
jobs created by the increase in demand for these workers, replacement
needs are expected to produce numerous openings
Top
TRAVEL SPECIALIST
Job
Profile
|
Change
air fares and schedules |
Make travel plans |
Sort
out the many travel options, tourists and businesspeople |
Promote travel
packages |
Give advice on
destinations and make arrangements |
Advise on weather
conditions, restaurants and tourist attractions etc. |
Presentations
to social and special interest groups |
Depending on the
size of the travel agency, agents specialise by type of travel |
Training
and Qualification
|
Bachelor's or
master's degrees in travel and tourism or |
Vocational schools
offer 6- to 12-week full-time travel agent programs or |
Courses offered
in public adult education programs or |
High school diploma
or equivalent |
Knowledge
in computer science, geography, foreign languages and world
history |
More on Travel
agents http://www.astanet.com
and http://www.icta.com/ |
Travel experience
is an asset |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings of travel agents - $23,010 |
Middle earned
between $17,960 and $28,430 |
Lowest
10 percent of travel agents earned less than $13,770 |
Top 10 percent
earned over $34,670 |
Related
Occupations
|
Tour guides |
Travel
counsellors |
Airline reservation
agents |
Rental car agents |
Travel
agents are hugely responsible for generating revenues for the travel
and tourism industry. Their work can be compared to that of a consultant.
Their main work includes advising different clients depending on
their needs. In addition, organising his client's trip is also an
important part of his job
Occupation
Outlook
- Travel agents held
about 138,000 jobs in 1998
- 9 out of 10 salaried
agents worked for travel agencies
- Projected employment
growth stems from increased spending on tourism and business travel
over the next decade
- Variety of other
factors will also lead to greater business for travel agents such
as charter flights and larger, more efficient planes have brought
air transportation within the budgets of more people, Federal
regulation of air fares fostered greater competition
MANAGEMENT
ANALYST
Job
Profile
|
Analyse
and propose ways to improve an organisation's structure, efficiency,
profits |
Analysts and consultants
specialise in industry or in function |
Define
the nature and extent of the problem |
Develops solutions
to the problem |
Training
and Qualification
|
Master's degree
in business administration or a related discipline |
Five years of
experience in the field in which they plan to consult |
Suitable knowledge
of computer and information sciences |
Analytical skills,
oral and written communication skills, good judgment and creativity |
Ability
to work with a team |
More on Management
Analysts http://www.imcusa.org/ |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median annual
earnings of management analysts in 1998 - $49,470 |
Middle 50 percent
earned between $39,420 and $72,690 |
Lowest
10 percent earned less than $31,800 |
Highest 10 percent
earned more than $88,470 |
Related
Occupations
|
Economists |
Operations
research analysts |
Financial analysts |
Computer systems
analysts |
Analysts
and consultants collect, review, and analyse information, in order
to make recommendations to the management. Both public and private
organisations use consultants.
Occupation
Outlook
- Management analysts
held about 344,000 jobs in 1998Almost
55 percent of these workers were self-employed
- Independent and
challenging nature of the work, combined with high earnings potential,
makes this occupation attractive to many
- Job opportunities
are expected to be best for those with a graduate degree, industry
expertise, and a talent for salesmanship and public relations
- Job growth is projected
in very large consulting firms with international expertise and
in smaller niche consulting firms that specialize in specific
areas, such as biotechnology, health care, human resources, engineering,
and telecommunications
- Demand for analysts
with a technical background, such as engineering or biotechnology,
particularly when combined with a master's degree in business
administration
- Greater demand
in the public sector, as Federal, State, and local agencies are
expected to seek ways to improve efficiency
Top
CHEF
Job
Profile
|
Prepare
a large quantity of a limited number of entrees, vegetables,
and desserts |
Restaurant chefs
and cooks usually prepare a wider selection of dishes |
Each
chef or cook usually has a special assignment and often a special
job title- |
Executive chefs
coordinate with kitchen staff and direct the preparation of
food |
They decide the
size of servings, plan menus, and buy food supplies |
Training
and Qualification
|
Vocational school
courses in business arithmetic and business administration OR |
Two to four years
in college specialising in hotel management |
A keen sense of
taste and smell, and personal cleanliness |
Most States require
health |
More
on Chefs http://www.acfchefs.org/ |
Expected
Earnings
|
Median hourly
earnings of restaurant cooks were $7.81 |
Most earned between
$6.57 and $10.36 hourly |
Related
Occupations
|
Data
may be obtained from local employers and the State employment
service |
A reputation
for serving good food is essential to the success of any restaurant
or hotel. Chefs, cooks, and other kitchen workers are largely responsible
for establishing and maintaining this reputation. In general, chefs
and cooks measure, mix, and cook ingredients according to recipes.
They are often responsible for directing the work of other kitchen
workers, estimating food requirements, and ordering food supplies.
Some chefs and cooks also help plan meals and develop menus.
Occupation
Outlook
- Chefs, cooks, and
other kitchen workers held more than 3.3 million jobs in 1998
SRestaurant cooks held 783,000 of these jobs
- short-order and
fast-food cooks, 677,000
- institutional cooks,
418,000
- bread and pastry
bakers, 171,000
- other kitchen workers,
1,256,000.
We hope you find
this information useful and look forward to your feedback
on the mailer.
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© - 2002 C & K Management Ltd. All rights reserved. Disclaimer.
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